Formulation of the claim

Political legitimacy, in this context, is based on its being ascribed to divine sovereignty.

Explanation

This claim means that political authority is not presented as a purely human product, but as connected to a higher source that grants it validity and acceptance. In Arkoun’s thought, this formulation appears within the analysis of the relationship between the sacred and the political, where legitimacy is understood through reference to the divine authority.

The atom reveals a mode of thinking that links rule to the exalted status of religious sovereignty, such that legitimacy is not separated from the doctrinal sphere. In this sense, it is less a direct political description than a statement of the bond that makes authority capable of justification within a religious horizon.

Its place in the book’s argument

This atom belongs to the theses in which Arkoun follows the formation of conceptions that merge the religious and the political, and confer on rule a quality derived from beyond the human sphere. It illuminates one aspect of his critique of forms of foundationalism that make divine authority the basis of both rule and legitimacy.

Limits of the claim

This atom should not be read as attributing a detailed position on any specific political system, nor as a final judgment on all forms of legitimacy in Islamic history. It summarizes a conceptual relationship more than it offers a comprehensive historical description.

Brief evidence

”What should be examined here is that fragile, sensitive relationship woven between two poles: the pole of divine sovereignty, which rests on the extent of its existence, and the pole of political authority, which was gradually established on the ground of reality in Medina–Yathrib. How did that authority itself consolidate? Was it through covenants and agreements with various tribes (the Pact of alliance), or through military campaigns (ghazawat), in addition to legislative activity and the enactment of laws for the new state that was in the making? We wish to record this important observation”