Intellectual Stagnation Continues When Authority Dominates the Religious and Cultural Sphere

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• Islamic history moved from creative plurality to sectarian and epistemic closure

Original atoms

• Authority freezes the intellectual sphere
• The Qadiri creed text is an example of stagnation
• Suppression of creativity continued after independence
• Authority freezes the intellectual sphere
• The Qadiri creed text is an example of stagnation
• Suppression of creativity continued after independence