Atoms

This section gathers the atoms extracted from the book.

• 11 September and the Reconfiguration of Conflict
• 11 September Calls for an International Reassessment
• September Events Revealed the Fragility of the International Order
• Historicizing Sacred Texts
• Situating Islam and Modernity within a Mediterranean Critique
• The Strategic Selection of al-Qaeda’s Sites
• The Continued Intertwining of Religion and Politics
• Religions Are Used as Political Justification
• The Crisis Is a Crisis of Culture and Knowledge
• Military Regimes Prevent Debate on Legitimacy
• Terrorism Is Linked to Policies and Despotism
• Activist Islam Shifts Responsibility onto Others
• Globalized Islam Differs from True Islam
• Islam Needs Redefinition
• Islamism and Reading History
• Ismailism Is an Open Cultural Movement
• Reform from Within the Tradition
• Free Faith and Critical Vigilance
• Islamic Modernization Remained Incomplete
• Modernization Is Not Genuine Modernity
• Shiism Followed a Different Political Path
• Distinguishing Between Suicide Operations
• Tensions Are Understood Through the Construction of the Enemy
• Jihad Turns into Holy War
• The Need for Third Enlightenments
• The Need for Multilevel Analysis
• 11 September Is a Juridical Turning Point
• Modernity Produced a Rupture with Tradition
• The Event Represents a Multilevel Rupture
• Just War Requires Caution
• Holy War Transcends a Single Religion
• Preventive War Restores American Isolation
• War Is Morally Unforgivable
• The Assassins as an Ideological Explanatory Model
• Religious Truth Is Historically Interpreted
• The Crusades Symbolically Frame the Conflict
• Fundamentalist Discourse Fills the Void Left by Critique
• Western Responses Reaffirm the Logic of Power
• Historical Narrative Blends the Real and the Ideal
• Peace Imposed by One Side
• American Policy Linked Power to Morality
• A Global Politics of Reason and Justice
• Codified Legitimacy Is Not Democratic
• Legitimacy Is Divided Between Retrieval and Gift
• Conflict as a Calculus of Strikes
• Obedience Hinders Democracy
• The Arab-Islamic World and the Two Faces of the Event
• International Justice Needs Broader Reform
• The Relationship with Power: Coercion and Submission
• The Social Sciences Content Themselves with Describing the Gaps
• The Social Sciences Are Essential for Development
• Sacrificial Violence in al-Qaeda
• Violence Is Justified by Identity, Religion, and Absolute Values
• The Title Is Linked to Debates on the Event and Iraq
• Globalization Hides Inequality
• Critical Reading of the Religious Text Is Fraught with Risk
• Internal and External Rupture
• Political Values Generate Violence
• The Book Is a Dialogue about 11 September
• The Anthropological Triangle as a General Framework
• The Imaginary Receives the Event with Divergent Meanings
• Meaning Is Not a Primary Given
• The Comparison between Christianity and Islam
• The Nahda Is a Rich History That Needs Researchers
• Global Civic Consciousness Is Fragile
• The United States Embodies the Historical Enemy
• The Shift from Narrative to Ideology
• Less Destructive Alternatives
• Bin Laden and the Revolutionary Guevara
• Bin Laden Rewrites the History of Hostility
• Discourse Analysis as a Strategic Choice
• The Intertwining of Violence and the Sacred
• The Decline of Research since the 1960s
• All-Encompassing Labels Hide Diversity
• Islamic Consciousness Formed Historically
• A Different Interpretation of the September Event
• The Dismantling of the Caliphate Expands the Conflict
• Dismantling Systems of Thought and Values
• The Continuity between Islam and the Christian West
• Expanding Democratic Negotiation
• Expanding the Legitimacy of the Decision to Wage War
• Contemporary Appropriations Out of Context
• Major Universities for the Social Sciences
• The Afghanistan War Deepened Humiliation
• al-Qaeda’s Angry Discourse
• A Post-Jihadist Discourse in al-Qaeda
• The Persistence of Violence in the Islamic Imaginary
• Linking Bin Laden to Mullah Omar
• Rejecting the Reduction of 11 September
• Rejecting the Globalized World
• Rejecting a Fixed Islamic Essence
• Lewis’s Question Is a Legitimate Historical One
• Fields That Reveal Double Standards
• September Is an Event of Multiple Readings and Reveals the Persistence of Violence
• The Cave Sura as a Shared Mediterranean Memory
• Apparent Legitimacies Sustain Rule
• Post-11 September Legitimacies
• The Trauma of 11 September
• The Rise of Power after Bipolarity
• The Image of the Enemy Reshapes War
• The Need for Anthropological Analysis
• The Need to Disable the Network
• The Weakness of Democracy in Arab Rule
• A Reciprocal Relationship between Power and Religion
• The Absence of Expertise among Terrorists
• Understanding 11 September
• An Ideological Reading of Islam
• A Different Reading of the September Attacks
• There Is No Complete, Authentic Islam
• The Axis of Evil as a Mobilizing Construct
• Revisiting the History of the Arab Nahda
• Bin Laden’s Theological Reference Frame
• States’ Responsibility for the Absence of Critical Knowledge
• Addressing Terrorism Is a Global Responsibility
• The Rarity of Critical Historical Awareness
• Theological Disputes Are Linked to Political Power
• A Regime of Truth Is Bound to Its Context
• A Cross-Cultural System of Values
• A Critique of Selective Linear History
• A Critique of the All-Out Military Response
• The September Attacks Reveal a Global Crisis
• Distinguishing Governance from Power