Atatürk

Explanation

Atatürk is invoked here as the central example for understanding secularization in the Islamic world. His experience is not presented as a model that can be replicated, but as a historical case that profoundly transformed the Turkish symbolic and semiotic systems.

Referred to by

• Atatürk as a central example of secularization
• Reshaping the Turkish symbolic systems
• Arkoun’s critical secularization is broader than legal separation