The idea
This idea is based on the premise that positive secularization does not deny the spiritual and religious dimension in human beings, but rather recognizes it while at the same time preventing education from becoming a sectarian instrument. It does not ask society to give up its faith, but instead to organize the common sphere so that it remains open to everyone. In this way, it brings together respect for plurality and the protection of the common good.
Concise formulation
Positive secularization: recognizes the spiritual and religious dimension of human beings and protects the public sphere
Its place in the book’s argument
This claim identifies one of the book’s keys to dealing with modernity and religion together. It makes clear that the issue is not a choice between religion and the state, but the search for a formulation that prevents the mixing of public education with sectarian affiliation. It therefore forms part of a broader argument that sees civil organization as capable of accommodating the spiritual dimension without being governed by it.
Why it matters
Its importance lies in showing that Arkoun’s critique is not a rejection of religion, but a rejection of turning it into an exclusive authority within the public sphere. This helps explain his call for a civil common sphere that does not abolish religious experience, but prevents its instrumentalization. It also opens the way to a calmer reading of the relationship between faith and shared life.
Reading questions
- How does positive secularization combine respect for religion with the protection of the common public sphere?
- Why is education considered a sensitive domain in this conception?