Formulation of the Claim

Arab and Islamic societies remain scientifically little known to a large extent.

Explanation

For Arkoun, this claim means that the prevailing knowledge about these societies does not reach the level of precision that would allow a sufficient understanding of their historical, social, and cultural structures. The issue is not a lack of partial information, but a deficiency in producing scientific knowledge that approaches the complexity of reality itself.

This deficiency means that discourse about these societies remains captive to general judgments and impressions rather than grounded in precise study. As a result, their field remains open to ready-made interpretations instead of coherent critical understanding.

Its Place in the Book’s Argument

This atom appears within the broader argument Arkoun builds around the need to reconsider the tools used to study Islam and its societies, because the absence of precise knowledge prevents sound critique or new intellectual ijtihad. It is connected to the book’s diagnosis of a crisis of understanding, not merely as a lack of information, but as a flaw in the very methods of approach.

Limits of the Claim

This atom should not be understood as a sweeping judgment that negates everything that has been achieved in studies or knowledge about these societies. It points to a widespread deficiency in precise scientific knowledge, not to its complete absence.

Brief Evidence

Precise information about these societies: we cannot apply the latest methods to them and understand them better for what they really are; Arab and Islamic societies still remain largely unknown… We almost know nothing about them in any reliable scientific sense. We still do not know the historical sequence of events specific to each period of Islam, and we still do not know the hidden dimensions of some highly important historical events, and we still do not know some of the recurrent concepts and contexts, just as we still do not know many of the key figures in Arab and Islamic history.