The Islamic discourse was historically formed and then closed

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• The divergent trajectories of Europe and Islam explain the crisis of philosophy and theology

Original atoms

• Historicity of the foundational Islamic concepts
• The openness of Qur’anic discourse versus the closure of orthodoxy
• The historical closure of the foundational texts
• The phase of repetition and scholasticism after the thirteenth century
• Historicity of the foundational Islamic concepts
• The openness of Qur’anic discourse versus the closure of orthodoxy
• The historical closure of the foundational texts
• The phase of repetition and scholasticism after the thirteenth century